Expressing Agreement and Disagreement

Agreement	Disagreement
I agree with you …	I disagree with… = I do not agree with …
I agree to …	I disagree to… = I do not agree to …
I think so.	I don’t think so.
I think you are right.	I don’t you are right. = I think you are wrong.
That is a good idea	I think that is a bad idea.
That is what I want.	No, that is not like that.

Example:

A. Conversation (1)

Ben: we have to make a program which is suitable with the condition of our country today, so people will be interested in our party.

Jane: I agree with you.

B. Conversation (2)

Robert: I think Hamzah Haz is the right person to be president of Indonesia.

He is a smart and kind person.

Rudy: I disagree with you. Probably he is a smart and kind person, but many people dislike him.

Expressing certainty and uncertainty

Certainty	uncertainty
I’m sure …	I’m not sure …
I’m convinced …	I does not convince …
…. Is certainty	…. Is uncertainty

Pattern:

I	Am/ am not	Certain Sure	That he will come. That mega will win the presidential election. That SBY win the presidential election.
He She It	Is/ is not/ isn’t
You They We	Are/ are not/ aren’t

I	Convince (do not convince)	People Them Youngsters Customers	About the new decision. About the new regulation. About their programs.
He She It	Convinces (does not convince)
They We You	Convince (do not convince)

Example:

1. I am not sure that Megawati will win the presidential election next month.

2. I am not at all convinced that the person will be elected by people of Indonesia.

3. Leni is sure that her classmate will choose her to be the leader of OSIS.

4. The minister of finance convinces people that he will be able to solve the economic crisis.

5. Democracy is certainty needed by all countries.

6. I am not sure that I will pass the entrance test.

7. Mr. John is uncertainty to come to the meeting on time.

8. Both presidential candidates do not convince the people about their programs.

9. We are not sure that they are able to solve such serious problems.

10. Hamzah Haz does not convince the people about his programs.

Possibility and Impossibility

Possibility	Impossibility
Possible	Impossible
There is a good chance…	There is a little chance
There is good chance …	There is impossibility

Pattern:

There is	A good chance More chance	Of + v-ing
	Little chance Less chance

There is	A good chance	That- clause
	Little chance

Example:

1. There is little chance of finding a good job in Jakarta.

2. There is more chance of solving such serious problems, if we have a competent consultant.

3. There is a little chance that Indonesia will win in the world cup.

4. I think there is little chance that he can come on time.

5. There is a chance that he will lend me a sum of money.

6. There is possibility that I will win the English speech contest.

7. There is a good chance to send data with e-mail.

Expressing Like and Dislike

LIKE	DISLIKE
I’m really delighted	I’m fed up
I’m crazy about	I’ve never liked …
I’ve always liked/loved	I really hate…
I like/love …	I’m extremely displeased
I keen on …	I’m not keen on
I enjoy…	I can’t bear/stand…
…. Is great/ very good/ fun/ fantastic.	…. Is boring.

A. Dialogue

A: wow, this sofa is comfortable, is it imported from Italy?

B: no, it isn’t. I am not really interested in imported products. I am satisfied with domestic ones. There are less expensive but have similar quality.

B. dialogue

Cicik : I heard you are looking for a job.

Rini : Yes, and I had already one.

Cicik : Really? I am really delighted to hear that.

Rini : Thank you.

Cicik : Your parents must be pleased and proud of you.

Rini : They want me to run their business. They are fed up with my decision.

Cicik : Didn’t you give them your reasons?

Rini : I did and I hope they will accept my decision.

Expressing Capability/incapability

Expressing Capability/incapability

CAPABILITY	INCAPABILITY
I’m confident I could…	I’m not sure I’m capable enough to…
I believe I could…	There is nothing we can do to…
… Is competent to…	I’m not competent in
I’m certain I’m capable of…	I won’t be able to…
I feel sure I’m able to …	I cannot
I know how to…	I don’t know how to…
I am good at…	I am not good at…
I have ability …	I don’t have ability …
	I don’t have experience…

I	Am /was	Able to Capable of Competent to	Solve such serious problem. Finish the home work. Find the solution. Speak English well.
He She It	Is/was
They You We	Are/were

I	Can Can not Can’t	Solve such serious problem. Finish the home work. Find the solution. Speak English.
He She It
They We You

Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction

Wow…this book really gives a lot of information about Papua! What a good book.

Yes and the picture are clear. I am very satisfied with this book.

Satisfaction	Dissatisfaction
It is with great pleasure that….! It gives me great satisfaction…. I’m very pleased with…. A most delightful example of…! What a beautiful story! Great! I love it. I’m so content with my life.	It is disappointing that…! It is unacceptable…. This is the limit! I won’t take any more of…! Well, this is most unsatisfactory. The concert is so boring. What an awful meeting. It’s not as good as I thought.

Expressing Apologies

To express apology, you can use the following expression:

· Sorry, I could not come to the party.

· I’m sorry for the mistakes.

You can use adverbs, such as ‘very’, ‘terribly’, ‘so’ and ‘extremely’ to make your apology more emphatic

· I’m very sorry for the misunderstanding.

· I’m terribly sorry – I can meet you for any longer.

· I’m sorry for the misspelling.

· I’m extremely sorry for the failure.

If you want to express apology in a formal way, you can use:

· I apologize for my late arrival.

· I really must apologize for disturbing your weekend.

· I do apologize for the bad service.

To accept an apology you can use the expression ‘That’s OK’, ‘That’s all right’, ‘Forget it’, ‘Don’t worry about it’, or ‘It doesn’t matter’.

A : I’m sorry for my being late.

B : It’s OK. We have just begun the discussion.

A : I’m sorry for the mistakes.

B : That’s all right. Everything is under control.

Expressing Want

To express our want we can use:

- I want…..

- I’d like …..

- May I have …., please.

- Can I have….?

- Could I have….?

e.g.:

- I want a glass of coffee, please.

- I’d like some beer.

To order something more directly, we can say the thing we want, followed by please

e.g.:

- a bar of chocolate, please.

Expressing Obligation

To express obligation you can use the following expression:

Positive Obligation	You must leave soon. You have to find some compromise. You have got to get up early tomorrow. You need to have a haircut. You should come on time. (mild obligation)
Negative Obligation	You mustn’t call her.
No Obligation	You don’t have to call her. (it is not necessary to call her- You can call her if you want to)
Past Obligation *)	You had to wear blues shorts when you were at Junior High School.

*) For past obligation, you cannot use must.

Warning Someone

Weak warning:

- You oughtn’t to …

- You shouldn’t …

- I don’t think you ought to …

- I don’t think you should …

e.g.:

- I don’t think you should try to make a decision when you are tired.

- You shouldn’t drink water directly from the tap.

2. Strong warning:

- Don’t …..

- Whatever you do, don’t …..

e.g.:

- Don’t open the door. It’s broken.

- Whatever you do, don’t touch the button.

Giving advice

To give advice we commonly use: (should and ought to) + V1

e.g.:

- You should explain this to him once again.

- (I think) you ought to try another method.

(I think) is added if we want to make our advice less forceful.

If you want to give advice firmly, you can use: You’d better … and I think you’d better …

e.g.:

- You’d better go now.

- I think you’d better tell her.

If you want to give serious advice, you can use: I advice you to …

e.g.:

- I advice you to consult a doctor.

- I strongly advice you to be careful with the snake.

Expressing a purpose

Language expression

Expressing a purpose

A : Why do many banks give prize?

B : They give prize in order to attract more costumers.

The bold-typed words are used to express a purpose. The negative form of in order to is in order not to.

Other examples:

1. Grandmother often gives my little brother some money. She can make him happy. Grandmother often gives my little brother some money so that she can make him happy. So that expresses a purpose. The purpose is she can make him happy.
   
2. Sophia went to a bank. She wanted to open an account. Sophia went to a bank in order to open an account. In order to expresses a purpose. The purpose is to open an account.
3. I always keep my pocket money in my wallet. I don’t want to lose it. I always keep my pocket money in my wallet in order not to lose it. The purpose is not to lose it.